Apparatus for the manufacture of glowers for electric lamps.



limsefizv. PATENTED APR. 4, 1905.

V F. M. P. GAZIN. I APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOWERS FORELEGTRIG LAMPS.

APPLIGATION FILED P1112. 1903.

6 (1 d E/ Eli B)" w WW v UNITED STATES Patented April 4, 1905.

PATE T Oriana.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOWERSFOR ELECTRIC LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 786,727, dated April 4,1905.

- Application filed ram-fl 2,1903. Serial No. 141,501.

To aZZ 2072 0711, it party conceive:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS M; F. CAZIN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Hoboken, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey,have invented a new and Tmproved Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture ofFilaments for Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention has for its object to provide an improvedapparatusfor use inthe production of electric-lamp filaments in whichprospective filaments, pencils, or luminants are treated for sundrypurposes; and it more particularly seeks to provide an apparatus forsuccessfully and economically carrying out the process and for producingafilament, pencil, or hnninant such as disclosed in my copendingapplication, filed on-January 7, 1903, Se-

. rial No.138,08l. Again,my invention seeks to provide an apparatuswherein beginning with a core therefor the luminant can be completelymanufactured withoutremoving, handling, or moving the same'in'any Way.

With other objects in View which will be hereinafter apparenttheinvention consists in certain novel construction and arrangemcr it ofparts, all of which will be first described in detail. and thenspecifically pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings,inwhich- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsection of my invention.

Fig.3 is a cross-section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 1 and disclosing a slightlymodified form of myinvention. Referring now to the accompanying drawings, inwhich likecharacters of reference indicate like parts in all of the figures, Adesignates a bell-jar for cooperating with the airexhausting apparatus(not shown) of any approved type by means of the pipe B, and thebell-jar A includes the glass cylinder (athe top plate G, and the bottomplate C, which plates maybe constructed of any suitable material,preferaly carbon or graphite. plates G and C are held in position withrespect to the cylinder a by the bolts insu-' lated, as at (0 from theplates. The pipe B Fi 2 is a similar view on I 1 n b v the line 2 2 ofFig. 1.

The

enters the jar through an aperture Z) in the bottom plate C and tightlyfits the same.

Mounted on girders (Z is avessel D, which comprises a glass envelop orwall (Z and a bottom plate 63*, having a peripheral enlarged bottom K,having an aperture K and an en larged annular grooved portion K toreceive the wall A), constructed of glass or any other suitablesubstance.

g designates a cond noting-rod havinga plug 2' at one end and afinger-piece it at its other end, and this rod 9 passes through anaperture in the top plate G of the bell-jar A and is adapted, throughits plug z', to close the ap erture K of the bottom K of the holder I,as well as to make electric connectionbetween the top plate Gr and thebottom plate K of the holder 1; Preferably the rod 9 has a threadedhermetical connection withthe plate G.

I The bottom plate K of the holder I in the preferred form of myinvention has a series of apertures to receive the tubular glass body m,in which the connecting-wiresm are sealed.

To these connecting-wires m the leading-in wires 422 121 are joined, asare also'the ends of the cores L. The leading-in wires m m" connect withthe bus-bars g g, respectively, and these bus-bars are suspended fromthe plugs g 9 respectively, which are held in apertures in the top plateG, one of which plugs, 9 is insulated from the plate Gr by the bushingg, as shown.

g designates a short pipe-section having a valve 9 whereby air may beadmitted to the bell-jar when desired, and g designates an inlet-pipehaving a valve which communicates with the interior of the bell-jar andis insulated therefrom by the insulating-bushg 11 Y Y I g designates atubular section leading from any suitable source of steam supply (notshown) and which tube g? joins with the valve g, as shown, and may berubber hose or any other suitable substance, the valve g preferablybeing in the nature of a throttle-valve.

In addition to the aperture to which the pipe B, having a valve B,connects the bottom plate C also has a series of apertures through whichthe pipes F, F, and F having valves ff f, enter the bell-jar and passthrough corresponding apertures in the bot.- tom K of the holder 1, withwhich they communicate, and these pipes may be constructed of anysuitable material; but I prefer to construct them of glass throughout,or I may construct them partly of glass and partly with metallic ends EE E as shown. When the metallic endsare used, they also serve to makeelectrical connection between the bottom plate C of the bell-jar and thebottom plate (Z of the receptacle D, electrical connection being alsomade through the girders d. The pipes F, F, and F lead from the tanks E,E, and respectively, hereinafter again referred to, and they alsoconnect with the branch pipes F, F, and F having valvcsf f' frespectively, and the said pipes join with the auxiliary tanks E E E,for a purpose presently explained.

The bottom plate C is apertured to receive a conducting-plug c, to whichthe positive wire from any suitable source of current-supply joins, andthe bell-jar A is insulated from earth by the insulating-feet a or byplacing the same on any suitable insulating-mat. (Not shown.)

The tanks E, E, and E are adapted to contain liquids of differentproperties, such as volatile liquids, acids, alkaline liquids, andsolutions that contain rare metals, rare earths, earth salts, metals ofthe ruthenium osmium class, such as ruthenium osmium, titanium, uranium,and tungsten or their compounds. Again, one or more of these tanks maycontain in solution or suspension suitable nitrates, sulfates, orXalates or chlorin compounds dissolved in any suitable solvent. In lieuof solutions I may use naphtha or gasolene, &c. I desire it understoodthat my apparatus permits of the use of gaseous electrolytes as well assolvents and carbonaceous liquids in the same apparatus and either orall to act as electrolytes for electrolytic deposition, under properprovision causing the prospectivelilament to actas one of twoelectrodes, (cathode) hereinafter more fully explained. The compositionof the solutions used depends upon the particular function desired toobtain, and 1 do not desire, therefore, to limit myself to the exactcompositions or liquids or gases as herein enumerated, as any other maybe used it found to be suitable. One or more of the tanks are adapted tocontain water or other washing or cleaning liquid, be it-in the naturerear/2'? ol pure chemical substance, as water. or in the nature ofsuitable cl aning material dissolved in any suitable solvent. Again,these vessels are not only containing vcsse but they may be used toregenerate the solutions after the solutions have been used by placingin the tanks or vessels suitable soluble material of the requiredchemical compositions and other vessels for producing gaseous matteronly to be used in connection with my apparatus.

In themodiiied form of my invention shown in Fig. i the prospectiveglowcrs are passed hermetically, preferably by means of beeswax, throughapertures in the bottom K and may have their ends freshly clipped oll'after passing through the apertures; When this form of my invention isused, the electrical connection is made between the top plate (i and.the bottom K of the holriler l by the rod 7 and its plug 5.

The auxiliary tanks E" E it may contain fluids corresponding to those inthe tanks it E, so that when the solution in one of the pair of tanksgives out the said tank may be disconnected and relilled with solutionand regenerating material without stopping the operation of theapparatus, or i may use the said auxiliary tanks for containing volalilc or gaseous carbonaceous matter, such as naphtha or gasolene, to beused in connection with my process.

Although the position of the supply and regenerating vessels is shown asbeing below the main apparatus, yet they may be placed on a level withthe vessel Z or either partly or entirely above or below such level.

i may now describe the operation of my invention as applied to a lillctor core of organic natural origin as an illustration of the entireoperation also applicable to other linca r bodies of artificial make andof inorganic matter. .l. take a suitable working base L, which ma y be afillet of any suitable substanccsuch as cellulose, bamboo twick, carbon,or other organic or hydrocarbon material, which as such possessesporosity and continuous longitudinal channels, or both viL, threads orlillcts L-and insert directly or indirectly this base in the bottom K ofthe holder L, as shown. For convenience of description 1 shall describemy invention as operating to produce an illuninant in which a bambootwick serves as the base to operate upon. After one or more twicks havebeen placed in the holder the same is placed in the receptacle 1) andthe to p U. is bolted on, all valves being then closed and the rod 7,with its plug 2?, out oi contact with the bottom K, so as to open upcommunication between the holder 1 and the receptacle D. I then open thecock in the pipe H and exhaust the bell-jar, after which the cock inpipe B is closed. By thus creu ting a vucu um in the bell-jar all air issucked out of the I next. open pores. or channels of the twick.

up. communication with the tank containing sulfuric acid (H2SO4)say tankEby opening the valve f, the vacuum in the bell-jar causing the contentsof the tank E to enter the receptacle D and holder I, and when thedesired quantity of acid has flown'into the receptacles D and I, I againclose valve 7 and permit the acid to act upon the twick and be absorbedby the pores and channels thereof until the twick has been carbonizedtothe desired degree. After the carbonization has gone as far as desiredI again open valve f and also open valve g to admit air to the bell-jar,which will then cause the acid to re-' cede into tank E. As soon as theacid has receded I again close both valves f and 9 I next again exhaustthe bell-jar as before and permit the twick to remain as it now is untilit becomes thoroughly dried by reason of such vacuum. As soon as thetwickis dried I open the valve f in the pipe connection with the tank(say tank E) containing the Washing liquid, (say water) and thus permitthe water to be sucked into the receptacle D and holder I in the samemanner as the-acid was admitted. This thoroughly washes the tank andtwick and removes all excess of acid. Thewater is withdrawn into itsrespective tanks by opening the valves f and g to permit the entry ofair into the evacuated belljar to force the water to recede. I thenclose valves f and g and again exhaust the belljar. (The water maybeadmitted and withdrawn several times, if desired, until twick andreceptacle are thoroughly cleansed.) The twick is permitted to remain inmetro until againdried. I then admit the solution containing solublematter to be deposited on the 'twick in its pores from the tank (saytank E containing the same in'the'same manner as the other liquids wereadmitted. After the twick has absorbed as much of the solution as itwillI then cause the solution to recede by admitting air to the bell-jar,after which the bell-jar is again evacuated and the twick permitted todry in ocean. I repeat the admission and Withdrawal of the depositingsolution, as well as the vacuo drying, as often as may be required untilthe desired mechanical shell to form over the mechanically-depositedsubstance on the twick. After the required deposition has thus takenplace I again cause the electrolyte to recede into the tank and oncemore exhaust the bell-jar to finally dry material adjacent the carbon isreduced and either partly or entirely carbureted, while the residualcarbon is volatilized. The filaments after being thus treated arecomplete and ready formounting in. the lamp. 7

From the foregoing it will be seen that by the use of my apparatus whenthe'bell-jar is exhausted the channels of the bamboo twick will be alsoevacuated, so that when the liquid or solution is admitted thereto thesame will readily fill the channels and pores of the twick and by dryingthe twick, after which operation the solvent evaporates, depositing itssoluble material within the channels and pores of the twicks morereadily-than can otherwise be performed were the tWick-channels notexhausted;

While I have described my apparatus'as being capable'of use in themanner just explained, yet I desire it also understood that the same canbe readily used in the process of :flashing-viz., precipitating carbonfrom a carbonaceous fluid or of producing incandescence that may betested for efficiency, &c.

It will be seen that bythe use of myapparatus the successive steps inthe production of the filament can besuccessfully and alternatelyperformed in a continuous process without the necessity. of moving ormanipulating the prospective filament in any manner whatsoever. 1

While I have described the carbonization of the twick as the first stepto be performed by the apparatus, yet I desire it understood that thisstep may be eliminated or postponed until the final treatment of thefilament by passing current through them serially to heat the same, asthis current passing will be sufficient in most cases to carbonize thetwick- 'base, it not having been previously carbonized. Again,the-carbonization may be done at any stage of the process in the sameapparatus. Again, by the use of my apparatus the prospective filamentsare placed in the holder in the shape they are desired to be in thefinished lamp, and as I do not need and particularly desire to preventhandling of the prospective filament it will be readily seen that aneven and continuous deposit on the twick will be readily-made and thatthere will I be no cracks or interruptions in the filament 'aftercompletion, such as is often the case in removed and consequent accessto the holder E and its removal for the purpose of mounting and removingthe prospective filament and the finished product, as well as an accessto the receptaclel), can be readily had. I also desire it understoodthat all joints should be hermetically closed to prevent escape or entryof air during the evacuation of the bell-jar.

It will be also seen from the foregoing that my apparatus, generallyspeaking, is used to complete four distinct series ofmanipulafleas-first, that of cellulose carbonization by means ofsulfuric acid: second, inmregnating and coating with solid material bymeans of solutions; third, electrolytical deposition; fourth, causingchemical reactions to take place Within the filament while in theapparatus.

Whilel. have described my apparatus for the sake of convenience ofdescription as being applied for use With a bamboo twick, yet I desireit clearly understood that the apparatus is not limited to such usealone, but may be used with any material toserve as a primary substanceto build up the prospective filament from. Again, this apparatus may beused in manufacturing metal and rare-metaloxid threads or pencils oflimited flexibility, as well as those of suificient flexibility to beWound upon positively and negatively connected mandrels.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, it is thought that the advantages, construction,and complete operation of my invention will be readily understood bythose skilled in the art to which it appertains, and l desire itunderstood that I do not limit myself to exact construction andarrangement of parts herein disclosed, but I may alter or vary thedesign in its details, if desired, without departing from the spirit ofmy invention or the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patout, is

1. An apparatus of the class described, comprisingabell-jar, areceptacle mounted in said bell-jar, a holder mounted in said receptacleand insulated therefrom and adapted to hold the prospective filaments,means for exhausting said bell-jar, for the purposes specified.

an apparatus of the class described, comprising a bell-jar, a receptaclemounted in said bell-jar, a holder mounted in said receptacle andinsulated therefrom and adapted to hold the prospective filaments, meansfor exhausting said belljar, a plurality of tanks havingvalve-controlled pipe connection with the receptacle for the purp sesspecified.

3. An znJparatus oi the class described, comprising a bell-jar, areceptacle mounted in said bell-jar, a holder mounted in said receptacleand insulated therefrom and adapted to hold the prospective filaments,means for exhausting said bell-jar, a plurality of tanks havingvalve-comrolled pipe connection wilh the receptacle said bell-jar havinga conducting top and bottom insulated from each other. and means forelectrically connecting said bottom to said receptacle, and said top tosaid holder, for the purposes specified.

a. In an apparatus for manul acturing filaments from linear or wire-likesolids or cores, means for holding said lincar bodies or cores, meansfor alternately admitting liquids to immerse said cores, means forpassing electric current from end to end through said bodies, means forpassing electric current through such bodies as cathodes, means forair-cxhausting from said bell-jar, and means for reducing depositedmatter, for the purposes specified.

ln an apparatus ol the class described, comprising in combination withan exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, a holdermounted within the rcceplaclc, for the purposes specified.

(3. in an apparatus ol the class described, comprising in combimttionwith an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, aholder mounted within the rccoptacle, means for evacuating saidbell-jar, and means for admittii'ig liquid to said receptacle andholder, for the purposes specified.

7. In an apparatus of the class described, con'iprising in combinationwith an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, aholder mounted within the receptacle, means for eriu-uating saidboll-jar, and means for admitting liquid to said rccemaclc, and meansfor again expelling said liquids from said receptacle and holder, forthe purposes specified.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, comprising in cmnliiinationwith an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, aprospective filament mounted within the receptacle, means for evacuatingsaid hclljar, and means for admitting liquid to said receptacle, meansfor again expelling said liquids from said receptacle and bolder, andmeans for passing electric current through said liquid to causeelectrolytic deposition on said prospective filament, for the purposcsspecified.

9. .ln an apparatus oi the class described, comprising in combinationwith an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, aprospective filament mounted within the receptacle, means for evacuatingsaid bolljar, and means for admitting liquid to said receptacle, meansfor again expelling said liquids from said receptacle and holder, andmeans for passing electric current through said liquid to causeelectrolytic deposition on said prospective filament, and means forcausing a current to pass through said prospective filament serially,for the purposes'specified.

10. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar having anon-conducting wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachablyconnecting said top and bottom to said wall, for the purposes specified.

, 11. In "an apparatus of the class described. a bell-jar having anon-conducting wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachablyconnecting said top and bottom to said wall, a receptacle having anon-conducting wall and a conducting-bottom mounted within the bell-jar,and in electrical connection with the bottom thereof, for the purposesspecified.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar having nonconducting Wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachablyconnecting said top and bottom to said wall,

a receptacle having a non-conducting Wall and a conducting-bottommounted within the belljar, and in electrical connection with the bottomthereof, a plurality of tanks connected with said receptacle and adaptedto contain liquid, means for sucking said liquids alternately into saidreceptacle, for the purposes I specified.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, a bell-jar having anon-conducting wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachablyconnecting said top and bottom to said wall, a receptacle having anon-conducting wall and a conducting-bottom mount ed within thebell-jar, and in electrical con nection with said receptacle and adaptedto contain liquid, means for alternately admitting said liquid into saidreceptacle and for withdrawing said liquid out ot'said receptacle, forthe purposes specified.

14:. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar, havingtransparent non-conducting wall and conducting top and bottom platesdetachably joined therewith, a receptacle having a bottom and atransparent wall mounted within said bell-jar and electrically connectedwith said bell-jar bottom plate, aplurality of liquid containing andgenerating tanks, valved pipe connections betweensaid tanks and theinteriorof the said receptacle, a holder having a transparent wall and aconductingbot-' connecting said bell-jar top plate to saidholder-bottom, means'for electrically connecting said top plate withone-end of said prospective filament, and a terminal mounted on andinsulated from the top plate and in elec 'trical connection with theother end of the filament, for the purposes specified.

15. In an apparatus of the class described,

a bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting wall and conducting topand bottom plates detachably joined therewith, a receptacle having abottom and a transparent wall mounted within said bell-jar andelectrically connectedwith said bell-jar bottom plate, a plurality ofliquid containing and generating tanks, valved pipe connections betweensaid tanks and the interior of the said receptacle, a holder hav-:nection with the other end of the filament,

means for evacuating said bell-jar, for the purposes specified.

16. In'an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar, havingtransparent non-conducting wall and conducting top and bottom platesdetachably joined therewith, a receptacle having a bottom and atransparent wall mounted Within said bell-jar and electrically connecteding a transparent wall and a conducting-boting a transparent wall and aconducting-bota bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting wall andconducting top and bottom plates detachably joined therewith, areceptacle having a bottom and a transparent wall mounted within saidbell-jar and electrically connected with said bell-jar bottom plate, aplurality of liquid containing and generatingtanks, valved pipeconnections between said tanks and the interior of the said receptacle,a holder having a transparent wall and a conducting-bot tom mounted inand insulated from said receptacle, said holder adapted to receive theprospective filaments, means for electrically connecting said bell-jartop plate to, said holderbottom, means for electrically connecting saidtop plate with one end of said prospective filaments, and a terminalmounted on and insulated from the top plate and in electrical connectionwith the other end of the filament,

and means for sucking the liquids from the tanks at will into thereceptacle and holder, means for expelling said liquids from the holderand receptacle into their respective tanks, at will, for the purposesspecified.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar, havingtransparent non-conducting Wall and conducting top and bottom platesdetachably joined therewith, a receptacle, having abottom and atransparent wall mounted Within said bell-jar and electrically connectedwith said bell-jar bottom plates, a plurality of liquid containing andgenerating tanks, valved pipe connections between said tanks and theinterior of the said receptacle, a holder having a transparent Wall anda conducting-bottom mounted in and insulated from said receptacle, saidholder being adapted to receive the prospective filaments, means forelectrically connecting said bell-jar top plate to said holder-bottom,means for electrically connecting said top plate with one end of saidprospective filaments, and a terminal mounted on and insulated from thetop plate and in electrical connection with the other end of thefilament, and means for sucking the liquids from the tanks at will intothe receptacle and holder, means for expelling said liquids from theholder and receptacle into their respective tanks, at will, and means-for drying said prospective filament While within the apparatus, andmeans for causing said filament to incandesce, for the purposesspecified. 19. The combination with an electrolyticplating apparatus ofan air-exhausting apparatus including a bell-jarfor inclosing saidplating apparatus, means for admitting an electrolyte to and means forwithdrawing the electrolyte from, the belliar, for the purposesspecified.

20. In an apparatus for mamitacturing lilaments from bamboo twick andthe like, means for holding said twick, means for :ulmitting liquids toimmerse said twick, means for withdrawing said liquids, means forcreating a vacuum around said twick, means for electrolyticallydepositing matter on said twick, and means for reducing said depositedmatter, for the purposes specified.

21. In an apparatus for manufacturing lilaments'from organic cores andthe like, means for holding said cores, means for admitting liquids toimmerse said cores, means for withdrawing said liquids, means forcreating a vacuum around said cores, means for electrolyticallydepositing matter on said core, and means for reducing such depositedmatter, for the purposes specified.

22. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-:ar having anon-comlucting wall. a conducting top and bottom, means for detachablyconnecting said top and bottom to said wall, a receptacle having anon-comlucting wall and a condnoting-bottom mounted within the bell-jar,and in electrical connection with said receptacle and adapted to containliquid. means for sucking said liquids alternately into said receptacle,means for alternately 'l'orciug said liquids out of said receptacle backinto their respective tanks, for the purposes specilier FRANCIS M. F.(JAZIN.

YVitnesses:

i-no. H. S'rmLJas, ADELE CAZIN.

